The World of Apples

Apple varieties, Brazil

IAPAR 75 Eva

A low-chill apple bred in Paraná from a 1979 cross of Anna and Gala; the most planted apple in Minas Gerais in 2013

History

IAPAR 75 Eva, generally known simply as Eva, was bred by the Agronomic Institute of Paraná (IAPAR)1,3. The agronomists Roberto Hauagge and Munenobu Tsuneta made the cross, between Anna and Gala, in 1979 at the institute’s experiment station at Palmas, in Paraná; IAPAR is now the Rural Development Institute of Paraná (IDR-Paraná)1. The seedlings were first selected for adaptation and disease resistance, trials in commercial orchards began in 1991, and the variety was released in 19951. It was entered in Brazil’s National Register of Cultivars on 13 May 1999 as number 23541.

Tracing it to IAPAR’s breeding of the 1980s, Petri and colleagues in 2011 singled it out among apples for regions with little winter cold, grown in warm regions including Bahia and sold in December and January3. In 2013 it was the most planted apple in Minas Gerais2. Two spontaneous mutations differ in colour: CVF Eva Rubi is solid red, and Eva CVF Mirage intensely red and striped1.

The fruit

Faoro, following the breeders, describes a round-conical fruit of medium size, about 130–140 grams, its cream skin 30 to 80 per cent covered with bright red, with some russeting1. The flesh is sweet (12.4 °Brix) and slightly tart (0.27 per cent acid), moderately firm and sometimes fibrous1. The fruit stays on the tree even when ripe, but ripens quickly after picking and keeps only about one to two months in store1. Depending on the region it is picked between November and early January; around Caçador, in Santa Catarina, picking begins in late December or early January1.

Growing

Eva needs little winter cold: 200 to 350 hours below 7.2 °C in Faoro’s description, 200 to 450 in his table1. EPAMIG suggests early, low-chill cultivars such as Eva for regions below 800 m2, and in Santa Catarina Faoro advises planting it only below 900 m1. In colder districts such as Caçador, Palmas and São Joaquim it may flower before the last frosts, which damage the blossom1.

The trees grow low to medium, bear on spurs and on short and one-year shoots, and yield more than 40 tonnes a hectare; Faoro advises against dwarfing rootstocks, on which heavy fruit set makes the trees age quickly1. It bears early, with little alternation of crops, and flowers abundantly, from 15 August to 3 September around Caçador1; in a collection in southern Minas Gerais it reached full bloom on 13 August2. Pollinators include IAPAR 77 Carícia, IPR Julieta, Princesa and Ein Shemer1, and Condessa2. It resists Glomerella leaf spot but is susceptible to scab, Marssonina blotch, Botryosphaeria canker and the fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus1.

Where the sources disagree

  • Release. Faoro’s text gives 1995, his table 1999, the year of registration1.
  • Order of parents. His text has Gala × Anna, his table Anna × Gala1.
  • Fruit figures. His description gives about 130–140 grams, 12.4 per cent soluble solids and 0.27 per cent acid; his tables give 148 grams, 14.0 per cent and 0.50 per cent1.
  • Powdery mildew. His description calls it moderately resistant, his table of disease resistance susceptible1.

Family tree

Parents, grandparents and great-grandparents, as the entries in the atlas record them.

Anna Gala IAPAR 75 Eva
Where IAPAR 75 Eva came from. The lines lead to its parents: Anna (Israel) and Gala (New Zealand).

Sources

  1. Agronomic characteristics of apple cultivars (in Portuguese), pp. 50–68 and 105–107: Eva (Iapar75), Eva Rubi and Eva Mirage, Ivan Dagoberto Faoro, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (Epagri), Florianópolis, 2025-06. Supports: pp. 105–107: an F1 hybrid "Gala x Anna" from a cross made in 1979 by the agronomists Roberto Hauagge and Munenobu Tsuneta at the former IAPAR's experiment station at Palmas, Paraná, now the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná (IDR-Paraná); first selections for adaptation and disease resistance; tests in commercial orchards from 1991 and release ("lançamento") in 1995; registered in the RNC on 13 May 1999 under no. 2354; a full sister of Iapar 76 Anabela; suited to regions with 200 to 350 hours below 7.2 °C, to be kept out of very cold regions with late frosts such as Caçador and Palmas, where a short warm spell in winter can bring early flowering and returning frosts damage the flowers; the mutations CVF Eva Rubi (solid red, less vigorous tree, heavier fruit set) and Eva CVF Mirage (intense red, striped over almost the whole fruit); low to medium growth, fruiting on spurs and on short and one-year shoots, excess spurs to be pruned; more than 40 t per hectare; not advised on dwarfing rootstocks because heavy fruit set makes the trees age fast; abundant flowering between 15 August and 3 September around Caçador; pollinators Iapar 77 Carícia, IPR Julieta, Princesa and Ein Shemer; early bearing with little alternation; harvest between November and early January depending on the region, around Caçador from late December to early January; fruit staying on the tree after ripening; round-conical, medium, about 130–140 g; 30% to 80% bright red over a cream ground, with some russeting; flesh sweet (12.4 °Brix), slightly acid (0.27%), moderately firm (16 lb), sometimes fibrous; ripening quickly after harvest and not keeping long; resistant to Glomerella leaf spot, moderately resistant to powdery mildew, susceptible to scab, Marssonina, Botryosphaeria canker and the fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus. p. 50: not recommended at São Joaquim, where it flowers while frosts still occur. p. 51 (Table 2): 200–450 chilling hours. p. 52: in Santa Catarina recommended only below 900 m. p. 56 (Table 1): parents "Anna x Gala", released 1999 by IAPAR. p. 60 (Table 3): susceptible to scab and to powdery mildew. p. 62 (Table 4): round-conical, average weight 148 g. p. 64 (Table 5): firmness 15.3 lb, acidity 0.50%, soluble solids 14.0%. p. 65: storage of about one to two months at Caçador.
  2. Technical aspects of apple growing in regions with mild winters (in Portuguese), Boletim Técnico 101, pp. 21 and 26, Ângelo Albérico de Alvarenga, Dili Luiza de Oliveira and Emerson Dias Gonçalves, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Belo Horizonte, 2013. Supports: p. 21: early, low-chill cultivars such as Eva, Condessa and Anna suited to regions below 800 m; p. 26: in a collection followed in southern Minas Gerais, Eva the second to flower, in full bloom on 13 August; Eva as the main cultivar with Condessa as its pollinator; "A cultivar Eva é, hoje, a mais plantada no estado de Minas Gerais" (Eva is today the most planted cultivar in Minas Gerais).
  3. Advances of the apple crop in Brazil (in Portuguese), José Luiz Petri, Gabriel Berenhauser Leite, Marcelo Couto and Poliana Francescatto, Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33 (special issue 1): 48–56, 2011-10. Supports: IAPAR's breeding work in Paraná in the 1980s, which produced Eva, a cultivar of low chilling requirement "hoje plantada em regiões quentes, inclusive na Bahia" (today planted in warm regions, including Bahia); Eva singled out among cultivars for regions with little cold, marketed in December and January.